python range() 和xrange()的区别
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Help on
built- in function
range in module __builtin__: range(...) range(stop)
-> list of integers range(start,
stop[, step]) -> list of integers
Return
a list containing an arithmetic progression of integers. range(i,
j) returns [i, i+1, i+2, ..., j-1]; start (!) defaults to 0. When
step is given, it specifies the increment (or decrement). For example, range(4) returns [0, 1, 2, 3]. The end
point is omitted! These are exactly the valid indices for a list of 4
elements. (END) |
以上是range函数的说明,三个参数,分别代表开始,结束位置和步长。
使用方法如下:
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In [ 2 ]: range ( 10 ) Out[ 2 ]: [ 0 , 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ] In [ 3 ]: range ( 1 , 10 ) Out[ 3 ]: [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ] In [ 4 ]: range ( 1 , 10 , 2 ) Out[ 4 ]: [ 1 , 3 , 5 , 7 , 9 ] In [ 5 ]: type ( range ( 1 , 3 )) Out[ 5 ]: list In [ 6 ]: for i in range ( 10 ): ...: print i ...:
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 |
而xrange()说明如下:
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Help on class
xrange in module
__builtin__: class
xrange(object) | xrange(stop) -> xrange object | xrange(start, stop[, step]) -> xrange
object | | Like range(), but instead of returning a list,
returns an object that | generates the numbers in the range on demand.
For looping, this is | slightly faster than range() and more memory
efficient. | | Methods defined here: | | __getattribute__(...) |
x.__getattribute__( 'name' ) <==> x.name | | __getitem__(...) | x.__getitem__(y) <==>
x[y] | | __iter__(...) | x.__iter__() <==>
iter(x) | | __len__(...) | x.__len__() <==>
len(x) | | __reduce__(...) | | __repr__(...) | x.__repr__() <==>
repr(x) | | __reversed__(...) | Returns a reverse
iterator. | |
---------------------------------------------------------------------- | Data and other attributes defined here: | | __new__ = <built- in method __new__
of type object>
| T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new
object with type S, a subtype of T (END) |
说明了两者的区别是xrange返回的是一个可迭代的对象,range返回的则是一个列表. 同时效率更高,更快。
原因是实现的时候使用了yield(唔,源码没看见,具体对比可以看一下http://ju.outofmemory.cn/entry/122781),
因此更节省内存,规模越大区别更明显.
关于可迭代对象的定义见:https://eastlakeside.gitbooks.io/interpy-zh/content/Generators/Iterable.html
即,只要定义了可以返回一个迭代器的__iter__方法,或者__getitem__那么就是可迭代对象。
xrange使用方法如下:
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In [ 13 ]: list ( xrange ( 3 )) Out[ 13 ]: [ 0 , 1 , 2 ] In [ 14 ]: a = xrange ( 3 ) In [ 15 ]: a.__iter__
Out[ 15 ]:
<method - wrapper '__iter__' of xrange
object at 0x7f415be1bdc8 > In [ 16 ]: a.__iter__()
Out[ 16 ]: <rangeiterator
at 0x7f415aa27210 > |
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